Internal-combustion engine



Aprl 15, 1930.

'.J. C. BARNABY INTERNAL coMBUsTloN ENGINE Original- Filed Deo. 30, 1927A TORNE Y Patented Apr. 15, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JAMES C.BARNABY, F WESTERLEIGH, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WORTHINGTON PUMP ANDIACHINEBY CORPORATION, OF NEW YOBK,N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F VIRGINIAINTEBNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Original application led December 30, 1927,Serial No. 243,509. Divided and this application lled J'uly a7, 1929.serial No. 381,594.

This invention relates to internal comhustion engines of the Diesel tyfeand an object of the invention is to provi e means preferabl in the formof grooves or passageways which will impart a rotary motion to air orgas as it is forced inwardly into the combustion chamber from betweenthe facing flat surfaces of the cylinder head and piston to produceturbulence in the compresslon space or chamber and result in a thoroughmixing 1 of the fuel.

The present invention is a'division from my companion application,serlal No. 243,509, filed December 30th, 1927.

With these and other objects in view, as

may appear from the accompanylng specification, the invention consistsin varlous features of construction and combinatlon of parts, which willbe first describedin connection with the accompanying drawings, showingan 1nternal combustion engine of the preferred form embodying theinvention, and the features forming the invention will be specficallypointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical. section through an internal combustionengine constructed in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the engine taken on the line 2-2of 1 and showing a bottom view of the cylm er head, and

, Fig. 3 of the drawings is a fragmentary section of a modified form ofthe invention.

Referring more particularly. to the drawings, the improved internalcombustion engine illustrated in the drawings, is what 1s known as asolid injection Diesel or oil engine of any approved form. The engineembodies the cylinder head 1, having the piston chamber 2 therein, intowhich atomized fuel oil is fed from the pre-combustion chamber 3 throughthe spray valve 4 of any suitable type.

The flat surface 5 of the cylinder head 1 is provided with a pluralityof grooves or passageways 6 cut therein, which extend angularly withrespect to the radii of the cylinder head and extend inwardly from theouter erimeter or perimetric portion of the cylinger 7 of the engine tothe combustion chamber or space 2, so that, as the piston 8 movesupwardly during thecompression stroke and as it nears the completing ofits compression stroke, a portion of the air 0r gas in the cylinder 7will be squeezed or forced inwardly, through the grooves or passageways6 into the combustion space 2 and will enter the com bustion spacesubstantiall at a tangent to the circumference of the com ustion space,causing a rotary motion and the setting u of turbulence in thecompression space for t oroughly mixing the air or gas and the atomizedfuel oil, which enters the compression space 2 from the spray valve 4.

While in Fig. 2 of the drawings the grooves 6 are shown as tangential tothe circumference of the compression space 2, it is to be understoodthat they may be placed at any angle which will set up substantially arotary motion of the air or gas forced through the grooves into thechamber 2 without departing from the spirit of this invention. It willalso be noted that the grooves are open alon one side for their entirelength to the cylin er 7.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings, a modified form of the engine is shown, inwhich the cylinder hea-d 1a is provided with a plurality of grooves orpassages 6a in its fiat surface 5, and these grooves extend from theperimetric portion of the cylinder 7a inwardly towards the vertical axisof the cylinder head l and open out into the compression space 2a whichis formed in the head of the piston 8, 'differing from the form shown inFig. 1 of the drawings by loeating the compression space in the pistonhead instead of in the cylinder head.

The grooves 6a are shown as gradually increasing in cross sectional areafrom their outer ends to their inner ends and it is to be understoodthat they may be placed in any suitable angular rei to each other and tothe radii of the cylinder head to provide the desired rotary motion andturbulence in the compression space 2f?, being arranged substantially asshown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The action of the modified form of theinvention shown in Fig. 3 is the same as the action of the form ofengine shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that is, the air or gas compressed by thepiston 8EL during its compression stroke is, at and near the terminus ofthe compression stroke, forced inwardl from the rimetric portion of thecylinder through t e grooves 69 into the compression space 2, enteringthe compression space in a rotary or whirling manner, resulting in thesetting up1 of turbulence and a thorough mixing of t e gas and fuel oilin the compression space.

It will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the scific construction or arrangement of arts s own but that these ma bemodified widely within the invention de ed by the claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder headand a iston and having a combustion chamber t erein of less diameterthan the c linder'bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality ofangularly disposed grooves in its under surface opening out at theirinner ends into the said combustion chamber, said piston and cylinderhead co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force gasfrom the perimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves intosaid combustion chamber.

2. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder headand .a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameterthan the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality ofgrooves in its under surface extending inwardly from approximately theperimeter of the cylinder to said combustion chamber and extendingsubstantially tangential to the perimeter of the combustion chamber,said piston and cylinder head co-operatin towards the end of thecompression stro e to force gas from the rimetric portion of thecylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber.

3. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder headand a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameterthan the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality ofves in its under surface, said grooves having their undersides o ninthroughout their entire len h into said cylinder, said piston and cyliner head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to forces chamber, said grooves gradually increasing in cross sectional areafrom their outer ends to their inner ends.

5. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder headand a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameterthan the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality ofgrooves in its under surface extending inwardly from approximately theperimeter of the cylinder to said combustion chamber and extendingsubstantially tangential to the perimeter of the combustion chamber,said piston and cylinder head co-operating towards the end of thecompression stroke to force gas from the perimetric portion of thecylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber, said groovesgradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends totheir inner ends.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

JAMES C. BARNABY.

from the perimetric portion of the c lin er throu h said grooves intosaid com ustion cham r.

4. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder headand a iston and having a combustion chamber t erein of less diameterthan the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a pluralit ofves in its under surface, said grooves aving their undersides o ningthroughout their entire length into said cylinder, said piston and cyliner head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to forcefrom the perimetric portion of the c lin er through said grooves intosaid com ustion

